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The type of birth control you use is a personal decision, and there are many options to choose from. If youre a sexually active person who can become pregnant, you could consider birth control pills.
Birth control pills, also called oral contraceptives, are medications you take by mouth to prevent pregnancy. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), theyre an effective method of birth control with a success rate of about 91 percent (or a failure rate of 9 percent).
Find out how they work and what side effects they can cause, as well as other factors to help you decide whether birth control pills are a good choice for you.
Birth control pills are oral contraceptives that contain small amounts of hormones similar to the ones your body uses as part of the menstrual cycle.
The hormones in birth control pills work to prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation, or the release of an egg from the ovary. Some birth control pills also temporarily change the lining of the uterus so its less likely a fertilized egg will implant.
Birth control pills come in a pack, usually a 28-day cycle, with one pill assigned to each day. You take a birth control pill daily, typically during the same time frame each day, depending on the pill. This keeps certain hormones elevated, so youre less likely to get pregnant.
Combination pills contain synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone (called progestin in its synthetic form). Estrogen controls the menstrual cycle.
Estrogen levels are naturally highest in the middle of your cycle and lowest when you have your period. Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy after ovulation by thickening the endometrium. High progesterone levels also prevent ovulation.
Combination pills come in a 28-pack. Most pills in each cycle are active, which means they contain hormones. The remaining pills are inactive, which means they dont contain hormones. There are several types of combination pills:
Examples of brand-name combination pills include:
Combination pills may also provide some protection against:
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Progestin-only pills contain progestin (synthetic progesterone) without estrogen. This type of pill is also called the minipill.
Progestin-only pills can help reduce bleeding in people with heavy periods. They may be a good choice for people who cant take estrogen for health or other reasons, like a history of stroke, migraine with aura, heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and/or deep vein thrombosis.
You should also avoid estrogen if youre over 35 and smoke, as this combination can increase your risk of developing a blood clot.
With progestin-only pills, all pills in the cycle are active. There are no inactive pills, so you may or may not have a period while taking progestin-only pills.
Examples of brand-name progestin-only pills include:
Progestin-only pills may be safer for people who:
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Not every type of pill is a good fit for every person. Talk with your doctor about which pill option would work best for you. Factors that can affect your choice include:
Combination pills work in two ways.
First, they prevent your body from ovulating. This means your ovaries wont release an egg each month.
Second, these pills cause your body to thicken your cervical mucus, the fluid around your cervix that helps sperm travel to your uterus so it can fertilize an egg. The thickened mucus helps prevent sperm from reaching the uterus.
Progestin-only pills also work in a few different ways. Mainly, they work by thickening your cervical mucus and by thinning your endometrium.
Your endometrium is the lining of your uterus, where an egg implants after its fertilized. If this lining is thinner, its harder for an egg to implant in it, which will prevent a pregnancy from growing.
Progestin-only pills may also prevent ovulation.
Combination pills come in a variety of formats. These include monthly packs, which follow 21-, 24-, or 28-day cycles. Extended regimens can follow 91-day cycles. With all these formats, you take one pill each day at the same time of day.
If you start taking your combination pill within 5 days after your period starts, youll be protected against pregnancy right away. If you start at any other time, youll need to take the pills for 7 consecutive days before youre protected. During this time, you should use a barrier method of birth control, such as an external condom.
Progestin-only pills, on the other hand, come in only packs of 28. As with combination pills, you take one pill at the same time every day.
Progestin-only pills tend to work more quickly than combination pills, which means youll be protected against pregnancy after taking 2 consecutive pills within 48 hours. If you dont want to wait the 48 hours to have sex, you should use a barrier method of birth control.
If taken correctly, birth control pills are very effective in preventing pregnancy. Both the combination pill and the progestin-only pill have 9 percent failure rates with typical use. That means out of 100 people using the pill, 9 would get pregnant.
To be fully effective, progestin pills must be taken within the same 3-hour time period every day. If you miss this time window, you should take your pill as soon as you remember and use a different method of contraception, like a condom, for 2 days.
There is slightly more flexibility with combination pills. In general, you should try to take combination pills at the same time each day, but you can take them within the same daily 12-hour window and still have pregnancy protection.
Certain medications may make either type of pill less effective, including:
The pill may also be less effective if you experience diarrhea or vomiting. If youve had a stomach illness, check with your doctor to see whether youre at risk of pregnancy. In that case, you should use a backup method of contraception, such as a condom.
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Depending on which pill youre taking, there are different routes to take when youve missed one or more doses.
Number of missed pillsActionEmergency contraception (EC)Backup birth control1 active combination pillTake the missed pill ASAP, even if that means you take 2 in 1 day. Continue taking the rest of your pills on a normal schedule.Unless you missed the pill early in your cycle (57 days) or late in your previous cycle, EC isnt usually needed.none needed2+ active combination pillsTake the most recent pill ASAP, even if that means you take 2 in 1 day. Continue taking the rest of your pills on a normal schedule.If you missed the pills during the first week of your cycle and had sex without a condom or other barrier method, consider using EC.Use backup BC or abstain until youve taken the active pills for 7 consecutive days.While birth control pills are safe for most people, they do come with some side effects and risks. Everyone reacts differently to the hormones in birth control pills. Some people have side effects such as:
If you have these side effects, they will likely improve after a few months of using the pill. If they dont improve, you should talk with your doctor. They may suggest you switch to a different type of birth control pill.
A serious risk of using birth control pills, especially combination pills, is an increased risk of blood clots. This can lead to:
Overall, the risk of a blood clot from using any kind of birth control pill is low.
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, out of 10,000 people taking birth control pills, about 10 will develop a blood clot after taking a combination pill for a year. This risk is still lower than the risk of developing a blood clot during pregnancy and immediately after giving birth.
However, the risk of a blood clot from the pill is higher for certain groups. This includes those who:
If any of these factors apply to you, talk with your doctor about the risks of using a birth control pill.
Many birth control options are available today, and the birth control pill is an excellent one. But the best birth control choice for you depends on many factors. To find an option that works for you, talk with your doctor. Be sure to ask any questions you have. These might include:
With increasing demand for contraceptive options, access to birth control pills is becoming easier than ever.
You can go the traditional route and schedule an in-person visit with a doctor. Once you go through your medical history and discuss your family planning goals, your doctor will provide a prescription that you can then fill at your local pharmacy.
There are also several ways to get birth control pills online without an in-person visit to a doctor.
Telehealth services, like Nurx, Lemonaid, SimpleHealth, and The Pill Club offer online consultations, some via video and some through messaging or a medical questionnaire, with licensed doctors and healthcare professionals who review your medical history and then provide a prescription for a recommended birth control.
Once the prescription is filled, the birth control pills are shipped directly to your home.
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MORE:Recommended Services for Birth Control OnlineMany people believe that birth control pills lead to weight gain. But, while some people do gain weight after starting oral contraceptives, theres little research to determine a direct link.
In a review, researchers looked at 49 studies on the association between combined contraceptives and weight gain. They concluded that there was insufficient evidence to suggest that birth control leads (or doesnt lead) to weight gain.
An increase in weight might be due to water retention. Other factors, such as lifestyle changes, muscle gain, and emotional health, can affect weight gain as well. There is a lack of recent clinical studies looking at whether the pill leads to weight gain. Hopefully, future research will tell us more.
Everyone reacts differently to medications, so it isnt easy to predict whether youll experience side effects when taking birth control pills.
Talk with your doctor about your options and any associated side effects. If you experience side effects on one kind of pill, talk with your doctor about changing to another oral contraceptive.
In the United States, most states allow teenagers to access oral contraception and other birth control options without parental permission. Its best to call your doctor, a local Planned Parenthood center, or your student health center to find out whether youll need a parents permission.
Doctors have to adhere to patient-doctor confidentiality. However, if youre on your parents insurance plan, its possible your parent will receive a statement in the mail that shows what insurance paid for.
If youre concerned about privacy, you might want to pay out of pocket. If you cant afford it, Planned Parenthood might be able to help you cover the cost.
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a form of birth control. Its a small device thats inserted into the uterus.
An IUD can be more expensive up front than other types of birth control, but it might save you money in the long run. You wont need to replace it for a while depending on the type of IUD you use, it can last 3 to 12 years. Its also one of the most effective forms of birth control, at more than 99 percent effective.
You can get a copper (nonhormonal) IUD or a hormonal IUD, depending on your preference. If youre considering switching from birth control pills to an IUD, consult a healthcare professional to see whether its right for you.
Birth control pills are oral contraceptives that help prevent pregnancy. Each pill contains small amounts of the hormones estrogen and/or progesterone (in its synthetic form, called progestin). When taken correctly, they have a 91 percent success rate.
There are two types of birth control pills, combination and progestin-only. Combination pills are more common, but progestin-only pills, which dont contain any estrogen, may be a better fit for certain groups of people, such as those who have a history of blood clots or have heavy periods.
Before taking birth control pills, talk with your doctor or a licensed medical professional to determine which type is right for you.
An IUD is a small, T-shaped piece of plastic with copper or a hormone that a doctor places inside the uterus.
There are 2 kinds:
IUDs are very effective at preventing pregnancy. You don't feel the IUD when its in place and there's nothing to do or remember once it's there.
IUDs don't protect you or your sex partner from STIs. But you can use a condom with your IUD to help protect against STIs.
If you have an IUD and you want to get pregnant, a doctor can easily remove it. Read more about IUDs.
Most hormonal methods of birth control work by preventing the ovaries from releasing an egg each month. They also cause other changes that make it less likely that you'll get pregnant.
In addition to hormonal IUDs, hormonal methods include:
These methods don't protect you or your sex partner from STIs. But you can use condoms to help protect against STIs while using hormonal birth control.
Keep in mind that some hormonal methods take more effort to use, and this can make it harder to use them correctly. For example, you have to remember to take birth control pills every day but once an implant is in place, it lasts for up to 3 years.
If you're interested in a hormonal method of birth control, talk with your doctor or nurse about which kind is best for you. Read more about hormonal birth control options.
Barrier methods work by preventing the sperm from getting to the egg. Common barrier methods include:
External condoms are also very effective at preventing HIV and reducing the risk of other STIs when you use them correctly every time you have sex. Get tips on how to use a condom correctly.
Internal condoms may help prevent HIV and other STIs. Diaphragms, cervical caps, and sponges don't protect against STIs.
Read more about barrier methods.
Using fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs) is sometimes called natural family planning. With FABMs, you learn which days pregnancy is more likely to happen. If you want to prevent pregnancy, you dont have sex on those days or you use another method of birth control.
FABMs work best if you have regular periods. It's important to know that FABMs are not usually as effective at preventing pregnancy as other forms of birth control, like IUDs or hormonal methods.
You can also use FABMs when youre trying to get pregnant. Read more about fertility awareness-based methods.
Sometimes you may forget to use birth control for example, you could miss a pill or shot. And sometimes birth control methods can fail, like if a condom breaks.
There are 2 options for emergency contraception:
Taking ECPs wont harm a pregnancy if you're already pregnant. ECPs won't protect you from STIs, so consider getting tested for STIs if you didn't use a condom or if the condom broke.
Read more about emergency contraception pills.
Sterilization is a permanent method of birth control. This is an option for people who are completely sure they dont ever want to get pregnant or cause a pregnancy. There are different types of permanent birth control procedures:
Read more about permanent birth control (sterilization).
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